Proanthocyanidins are a class of dietary phenolic compounds, present in foods or beverages such as berries, legumes, wine, cocoa and derived products or nuts. Due to the health benefits associated with proanthocyanidins, it is useful to identify dietary proanthocyanidin biomarkers that can be determined by simple methods. Since increased levels of circulating PA metabolites are associated with increased faecal proanthocyanidin content, this study explores the spectrophotometric measurement of faecal proanthocyanidin content and its use as a biomarker of proanthocyanidin intake.
Red Wine and Longevity
The main conclusions of the study summarized in this post is that the moderate consumption of wine augments the expression of the key genes associated with longevity, such as p53, sirtuin-1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in humans. Furthermore, it significantly augments the expression of genes associated with longevity, as well as the life span of flies, which shows that the effects apply to the entire animal kingdom. Lastly, no unwanted secondary effects were observed.
Mycotoxins in red wine: Occurrence and risk assessment
Mycological contamination of food products is a common problem in the food industry, associated with implications for consumer health. Red wine is regarded as an alcoholic beverage with health benefits, notably for the circulatory system. However, in spite of its health-promoting properties, it can also be a source of toxic substances. Wine is a documented source of ochratoxin A, which is one of the ubiquitous, highly toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. It is the only mycotoxin for which a regulatory maximum level in wine has been established. There are no legal regulations on the content of other mycotoxins in wine, as a product with an increased risk of mycological contamination, and so their levels are not monitored. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as T-2 and HT-2 toxins in dry red wines.
A new drink that reduces brain oxidative stress
Neurodegenerative diseases pose a major health problem for developed countries. This post reports the results of a study aimed to develop a new antioxidant-enriched drink. The authors found that addition of red grape polyphenols and MecobalActive® to grape juice did not provoke changes in juice organoleptic characteristics, and that the pasteurization process did not greatly affect the levels of flavonoids and vitamin B12. Out of all combinations, grape juice with red grape polyphenols was selected by expert judges. In vivo, oral administration of grape juice supplemented with red grape polyphenols exerted an antioxidant effect in the brain of stressed mice reducing two-fold the expression of genes involved in inflammation and oxidation mechanisms and increasing three-fold the expression of genes related to protection against oxidative stress. In addition, authors found that this drink augmented antioxidant enzyme activity, and prevented lipid peroxidation in the brain. The authors propose supporting the use of this drink by the general population as a new and global strategy for the prevention of neurodegeneration.
Anti-hypertensive effects of chronic resveratrol consumption mediated by the improvement of electrophysiological currents and Ca2+ signaling in chromaffin cells from the adrenal gland
Resveratrol (RESV) is one of the most abundant polyphenol-stilbene compounds found in red wine with well-established cardioprotective and antihypertensive effects. Hyperactivity of the sympathoadrenal axis seems to be one of the major contributing factors in the pathogenesis of human essential hypertension. In this study, the long-term RESV treatment prevented the increase of the systolic blood pressure in hypertensive animals, without reversion of cardiac hypertrophy. Data revealed that electrophysiological alterations of the chromaffin cells and in its Ca2+ homeostasis are potential new targets related to the antihypertensive effects of long-term RESV treatment.
Wine consumption and intestinal health
Does wine consumption favourably modify the composition of the faecal water and, therefore, reduce its potential toxicity against colon cells? Yes, moderate red wine consumption might modify the luminal metabolite content in such a way that it resulted in lower “faecal water cytotoxicity”, a parameter indicative of improved intestinal heath.
Loss of trans-resveratrol in young red wines
In general, cis-resveratrol shows fewer health effects than trans-resveratrol, including its anti-inflammatory power. According with this study it is possible that older red wines will not provide the same degree of health benefits compared to younger red wines. However, further work is required to confirm the dependency of resveratrol flux on the age of the wine in question.
Ιn vitro effects of Vitis vinifera L. leaf extract on UV-stressed human dermal fibroblasts
Natural products such as plant extracts have been implicated in the skin antioxidant and anti-aging cellular protection against environmental stress such the one caused by UV radiation. This post summarizes the results of a study where the in vitro effect of a leaf extract from Vitis vinifera L. on UV-stressed primary human dermal fibroblasts was assessed. The results of the study will contribute to understanding further the molecular mechanisms governing anti-aging and stress responses in human dermal cells and may lead to new target molecules for skin-care products.
COVID-19: Initiatives From the Wine Sector
This post reports some initiatives from wine sector during this pandemic situation. A study on the behavior and attitudes of European wine consumers from European Association of Wine Economists. A solidarity action aiming to distribute disinfectant gel produced from wine spirit carried out from The Association of Port Wine Companies. Science & Wine propose the creation of a working group to prepare 2020 grape harvest.